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Sergei Adamovich Kovalyov (also spelled Sergey Kovalev; (ロシア語:Серге́й Ада́мович Ковалёв); born 2 March 1930, Seredyna-Buda, Ukrainian SSR) is a Russian human rights activist and politician and a former Soviet dissident and political prisoner. ==Early career and arrest== Kovalyov was born in the town of Seredyna-Buda in Ukraine, near Sumy. In 1932, his family moved to Podlipki village near Moscow. In 1954, he graduated from Moscow State University. He was awarded a PhD in biophysics in 1964. As a biophysicist, Kovalyov authored more than 60 scientific publications. From mid-1950s, he opposed Trofim Lysenko's theories favored by the ruling Communist Party of the Soviet Union. Kovalyov was one of a group of activists who set up the Action Group for the Defence of Human Rights in the USSR in 1969, the first such independent body in the Soviet Union.〔(''A Chronicle of Current Events'' No 8, 30 June 1969 — 8.10 "An Appeal to the UN Commission on Human Rights". )〕 While the 14 members of the group and 38 supporters signed their Appeal to the UN Human Rights Commission a number of them were also becoming involved in the ''samizdat'' (self-published) human rights bulletin, the ''Chronicle of Current Events'' (1968–1983).〔(''A Chronicle of Current Events'' (in English). )〕 The members of the Action Group came under pressure from the authorities 〔(''A Chronicle of Current Events'' No 10, 31 October 1969 — "Persecution of the Action Group for the Defence of Civil Rights in the USSR". )〕 and ceased their activities. In 1969, he signed An Appeal to The UN Committee for Human Rights. Kovalev signed statements and appeals in defense of Vladimir Bukovsky, Mustafa Dzhemilev, Pyotr Grigorenko, Viktor Khaustov, Viktor Nekipelov, Leonid Plyushch, Yuri Shikhanovich, Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn and Gabriel Superfin. After the arrest of Pyotr Yakir the ''Chronicle'' did not appear for over a year. On 7 May 1974 Kovalyov, Tatyana Velikanova and Tatyana Khodorovich gave a press conference for foreign journalists, declaring their determination to renew publication of the bulletin and distributing three postponed issues.〔(''A Chronicle of Current Events'' No 30, 31 December 1973 — 30.1 "The Trial of P. Yakir and V. Krasin. (Statement by the Action Group on Human Rights)." )〕 As a consequence Sergei Kovalyov was arrested in Moscow later that year, on December 27, 1974,〔(''A Chronicle of Current Events'' No 34, 31 December 1974 — 34.1 "The arrest of Sergei Kovalyov". )〕 tried in Vilnius, and charged with "anti-Soviet agitation and propaganda" (Article 70 of the RSFSR Penal Code).〔(''A Chronicle of Current Events'' No 38, 31 December 1975 — 38.3 "The trial of Sergei Kovalyov". )〕 He served seven years in penitentiary facilities for political prisoners — the labor camps in the Perm Region and Chistopol Prison — followed by three years of internal exile in Kolyma in the Soviet Far East. Upon his return, he settled in Kalinin (now Tver). He moved back to Moscow in 1987. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Sergei Kovalev」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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